In the large family of equipment in the industrial field, from the supply of water for daily life, to the transport of various types of fluids in industrial production, centrifugal pumps have become one of the most widely used pumps by virtue of their unique working principle and significant performance advantages.
The operating principle of centrifugal pumps is based on a physical phenomenon – centrifugal force. When the impeller of a centrifugal pump rotates at high speed under the drive of a motor, the liquid inside the pump is like being given a force to fly outwards, from the centre of the impeller to be thrown rapidly to the outer edge. In the process, the liquid gains kinetic energy and its speed increases dramatically. As the liquid is thrown out, a low-pressure zone is formed in the centre area of the impeller, so that the liquid from outside is continuously sucked into the pump under the pressure difference, thus achieving continuous liquid transfer. This way of driving the liquid flow through centrifugal force has unique advantages over other types of pumps. Structurally, the centrifugal pump is relatively simple, mainly composed of impeller, pump casing, shaft sealing device and other key components. Impeller is the core of centrifugal pump, its shape and size directly affects the performance of the pump, different types of impellers are suitable for different working conditions. The pump casing plays the role of collecting and guiding the liquid, and at the same time, the kinetic energy of the liquid thrown out by the impeller is converted into static pressure energy to increase the pressure of the liquid. The shaft sealing device is responsible for preventing the liquid inside the pump from leaking and outside air from entering to ensure the normal operation of the pump. This simple and efficient structural design, so that the centrifugal pump in the operation of the process of high stability, low failure rate, for its wide range of applications has laid a solid foundation.
The advantages of centrifugal pumps don’t stop there. It has a uniform flow rate, which means that in the conveying process, the liquid flow is stable and does not fluctuate greatly, which is crucial for some processes that require high flow stability. Operation and maintenance is also very convenient, even for non-professionals, after a simple training, can easily master its basic operating methods. Moreover, the centrifugal pump is extremely adaptable, can transport a variety of different properties of the liquid, whether it is clear water, sewage, or corrosive chemical liquids, and even suspensions containing solid particles, it can cope with, which makes it in many industries can find a place to use.So what industries can centrifugal pumps be used in?
一.Petrochemical industry
In the petrochemical industry, centrifugal pumps are used throughout the process, from the extraction of crude oil to the production of various chemical products. Crude oil undergoes a series of complex processing in the refinery, and is refined into various finished oil products, such as petrol, diesel, paraffin, etc., as well as numerous chemical raw materials, such as ethylene, propylene, benzene and so on. In this process, centrifugal pumps undertake the important task of transporting these raw materials and products between different production facilities. Whether it is conveying crude oil to the distillation column for fractionation or conveying the reacted products to the storage tanks, centrifugal pumps are able to fulfil their tasks efficiently.
In chemical production, many chemical reactions need to be carried out under specific conditions, such as temperature and pressure. Centrifugal pumps, by circulating the liquid, can help to maintain the temperature and concentration uniformity in the reactor, creating good conditions for the smooth progress of chemical reactions. In some process devices that require cooling, centrifugal pumps circulate the cooling water, take away the heat generated by the reaction in time, prevent the equipment from being damaged due to overheating, and ensure the safety and stability of the production process. In addition, in the wastewater treatment process, centrifugal pumps will be produced in the production process of wastewater transported to the treatment equipment, after treatment to meet the standards and then discharged to reduce pollution of the environment, reflecting its important role in environmental protection.
二.Power industry
In the power plant in the power generation process, a large amount of cooling water is needed to reduce the temperature of the equipment, centrifugal pumps through the extraction and circulation of cooling water, the heat generated by the equipment to the cooling tower or other cooling equipment, so that the cooling water can be used repeatedly, improving the utilisation of water resources. In this process, the flow rate and pressure of the centrifugal pump need to be precisely controlled to meet the cooling needs of different equipment and ensure the stability of the cooling effect.
The boiler is the core equipment for generating steam in the power plant, while the supply of boiler feed water cannot be separated from the centrifugal pump. Centrifugal pumps extract water from the water source and transport it to the boiler through the piping system, providing sufficient water for the boiler to ensure that the boiler can continue to produce high temperature and high pressure steam to drive the turbine to generate electricity.
三.Metallurgical and Mining Industry
The production process of metallurgical and mining industries often involves the transport of high temperature, high pressure and strong corrosive liquids, as well as various slurries, tailings and ores containing solid particles, for example, in the process of iron and steel smelting, which requires the transport of high-temperature iron and steel as well as various corrosive slags, and so on. Centrifugal pumps use special materials and structural design, can withstand high temperatures and strong corrosive liquid erosion, to ensure that in the harsh working environment can still be stable operation.
In the field of mining, centrifugal pumps are also widely used. In the ore mining process, the need to contain ore particles of the slurry from the shaft to the ground, centrifugal pumps can efficiently complete this task, its strong conveying capacity can meet the needs of large-scale mining. In the beneficiation process, centrifugal pumps are also needed to transport a variety of slurries and chemicals to help achieve the separation and purification of the ore. As for the treatment of tailings, the centrifugal pump conveys the tailings to the designated storage location, which avoids the pollution of tailings to the environment and also provides the possibility of subsequent resource recycling.
四.Paper industry
In the pulp preparation stage, centrifugal pumps will be a variety of papermaking raw materials, such as wood, waste paper, etc. after the formation of pulp, from one processing equipment to another equipment, for further screening, purification and pulping operations to ensure that the quality of the pulp in line with the requirements of papermaking. In the paper forming process, the centrifugal pump conveys the blended pulp uniformly to the net section of the paper machine, so that the pulp is dehydrated and shaped on the net to form the paper prototype. In this process, the centrifugal pump flow and pressure control is very critical, directly affecting the thickness uniformity and quality stability of the paper.
The papermaking process will produce a large amount of wastewater, this wastewater contains a large number of organic matter, suspended solids and chemicals, etc., if not effectively treated directly discharged, will cause serious pollution of the environment. Centrifugal pumps play an important role in wastewater treatment, it will be wastewater from the production plant to the wastewater treatment facilities, after a series of treatment processes, such as precipitation, filtration, biodegradation, etc., so that the wastewater meets the discharge standards before discharge or reuse.
五.HVAC Industry
Centrifugal pumps act like a ‘thermostat’ in an HVAC system, ensuring that cooling or hot water is circulated throughout the system through the water circulation system, creating a comfortable temperature and humidity environment inside the building. During the summer months, when outdoor temperatures are high, the cooling mode of the HVAC system kicks in. A centrifugal pump conveys low-temperature cooling water to the condenser of the refrigeration unit to absorb the heat released by the refrigerant during the condensation process, so that the refrigerant can be smoothly transformed from a gaseous state to a liquid state and the refrigeration cycle can be realised. The heated cooling water is then transported to the cooling tower through the centrifugal pump, heat exchange with the air in the cooling tower, the heat will be emitted into the atmosphere, the cooled water back to the refrigeration unit, continue to cycle.
In winter, the HVAC system switches to heating mode. The centrifugal pump conveys hot water produced by the boiler or heat source equipment to the radiators or fan coils inside the building, where the hot water exchanges heat with the indoor air and transfers the heat to the air, raising the indoor temperature. The hot water after heat dissipation is then returned to the heat source equipment through a centrifugal pump to reheat and continue the cycle. In addition, in some places with high humidity requirements, such as hospitals, laboratories, libraries, etc., centrifugal pumps are also involved in the humidity regulation system, through the control of the flow and temperature of the circulating water, with humidifiers or dehumidifiers, to achieve precise control of the indoor humidity, to provide people with a comfortable, healthy indoor environment.
Centrifugal pumps in order to meet the special needs of different industries, different working conditions, centrifugal pumps will be increasingly customised. For high temperature, high pressure, strong corrosion, high viscosity and other special conditions, research and development of special centrifugal pumps, the use of special materials and structural design, to ensure that the centrifugal pump in the harsh environment can operate stably and reliably. As equipment widely used in various industrial fields, with the rapid development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of the requirements of various industries on fluid transport. As a key fluid conveying equipment, it is also evolving and innovating, showing a broad development prospect. Its future development trend in energy efficiency, intelligence, customisation, modular design and application of new materials will provide strong support for the upgrading and innovation of various industries, and push the global industry to develop in the direction of more efficient, intelligent and green.
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