Solid control system, all known as solid control system, mainly controls and separates the solids of oil drilling fluid, so it is also known as mud purification system. Its core function is to separate and treat solid particles such as rock chips and sediment in drilling fluid, to maintain the performance of drilling fluid, and to achieve the storage and recycling of drilling fluid. Solid control system is an indispensable and important part of modern drilling. It can ensure the normal circulation and stable performance of mud in the drilling process. The system mainly consists of mud tank, vibrating screen, vacuum degasser, sand remover and cleaner, mud remover and cleaner, agitator, centrifuge, mud gun, mixing and weighting hopper, sand pump, filling pump and solid control equipment at all levels.
一.Workflow details
When the drilling fluid returns from the wellhead, it first enters the vibrating screen. Under the high-frequency vibration of the vibrating screen, large particles of drill cuttings are quickly separated out and discharged from the system through a special channel. The drilling fluid, initially purified by the shaker screen, then flows into the desanding and desludging cleaner. Here, smaller particles are separated by centrifugal force and gravity to a collection device at the bottom, while the cleaner mud continues to flow upwards. The slurry then enters the vacuum degasser, where the gases mixed in quickly escape in a vacuum environment and are pumped out of the system. The degassed mud then enters the mud centrifuge, which rotates at high speed to separate the tiny solid particles from the mud, resulting in a purer drilling fluid. Throughout the process, the agitator is always in working condition to ensure the uniformity and fluidity of the mud. After five-stage purification, the performance of the drilling fluid is greatly improved, and it can be re-conveyed to the wellhead to participate in a new round of drilling operations, thus realising the recycling of drilling fluid.
二.Main features
1.The solid control system is suitable for road, railway and self-backed transport, meeting the requirement of convenient moving and dismantling at well site.
2.The tank body adopts V-shaped corrugated board, good overall steel, beautiful appearance.
3.The bottom of the tank adopts inclined structure, which makes the sand discharge fast and clean.
4.The tank is equipped with medium-pressure mud pipeline and clean water pipeline.
5.The tank is equipped with heating pipeline according to the site environment to ensure normal operation in cold season.
6.The tanks are connected by air tyre by-non, glass steel pipe, steel by-non, seamless steel, etc., which is easy to install and dismantle, and has good expansion and contraction.
7.The pressure bar type sand cleaning door or butterfly valve type is chosen, which is convenient and flexible to open.
三.Cold-resistant design of solid control systems for cryogenic drilling rigs
In the field of oil and gas exploration and development, with the growth of global energy demand, more and more drilling operations are expanding to low-temperature areas such as polar regions and high latitudes. The low temperature environment brings many challenges to drilling operations. First of all, we need to know that in low temperature environment, the viscosity of drilling fluid will be greatly increased, and the fluidity will be poor, which not only affects the circulation of drilling fluid in the well and reduces the ability to carry rock, but also may lead to higher pump pressure, increase the load on the equipment, and even cause equipment failure. At the same time, low temperature may make the performance of some additives in the drilling fluid decline, affecting its stabilising effect on the formation and lubricating effect on the drilling tools. Low temperature will make the physical properties of metal materials change, such as reduced toughness and increased brittleness, resulting in easier rupture of structural parts of the equipment, pipelines and so on. In addition, low temperature will also affect the sealing performance of the equipment, resulting in drilling fluid leakage. For some equipment relying on hydraulic drive, low temperature will make the hydraulic oil viscosity increase, poor fluidity, resulting in equipment slow action, or even can not work properly. The solid control system for low temperature drilling rigs is designed to ensure efficient solid phase separation and stable mud performance under low temperature conditions through multi-module synergy, while special measures are taken to adapt to the low temperature environment to ensure normal operation of the system under low temperature conditions.
四.Main features of the cryogenic drilling rig solid control system in terms of design and production.
1.Adopting thermal insulation materials to wrap the equipment tanks, pipes, etc. to reduce heat dissipation, and setting up heating devices such as steam heating coils and electric heating elements inside the tanks to prevent freezing of drilling fluids. The system is also equipped with a heat preservation shed, and the internal temperature is not lower than 10℃；
2.Key components are made of low-temperature materials, using cold-resistant seals and low-temperature lubricants, which can operate normally at low temperatures, and all components can ensure normal operation at low temperatures of -50℃；
3.Redundant design of key components reduces maintenance downtime at low temperatures.
五.Convenient advantages of trailer-mounted slurry solids control systems
The trailer-mounted mud solid phase control system is a movable device for handling drilling mud. The most important feature of the trailer-mounted mud solid phase control system is its high degree of convenience and flexibility. It adopts a trailer design, the whole system is mounted on a special trailer frame, which can be easily moved by a tractor. This design enables the FCS to respond quickly to the needs of different well sites and complete the transfer and installation of equipment in a short period of time, which greatly saves time and labour costs. Compared with the traditional fixed cementing system, the trailer-mounted mud cementing system eliminates the need for complex infrastructure and equipment installation and debugging at each well site, which greatly improves operational efficiency.
The trailer-mounted mud cementing system is particularly suitable for drilling projects that require frequent changes of operating locations, such as the exploration and development of small oilfields and decentralised drilling operations in geological surveys. In these scenarios, well sites are often not fixed and may be scattered. The trailer-mounted mud cementing system can easily adapt to such operational characteristics, quickly move from one well site to another, and achieve rapid deployment and efficient operation.
六.Advantages of trailer-type mud solid control system
1.High efficiency:the trailer-mounted mud solid control system integrates a variety of advanced solid control equipment, which can carry out multi-stage and high-efficiency separation and processing of mud. From large rock debris to tiny colloidal particles, all can be effectively removed by the corresponding equipment, so that the purification effect of the mud is significantly improved. Compared with traditional mud treatment methods, such as simple sedimentation, the trailer-mounted mud solid control system is able to achieve a higher degree of mud purification in a shorter period of time, which greatly improves the recycling rate of mud and reduces the amount of new mud preparation, thus improving the efficiency of drilling operations.
2.Strong mobility:the trailer design is a significant advantage of the system. The entire cementing system is mounted on a trailer, which can be easily moved to different job sites by means of a tractor. This makes it particularly suitable for drilling projects that require frequent changes of work sites, such as field drilling in geological surveys, horizontal directional traversing works in different sections, and so on. Compared with fixed mud handling equipment, the trailer-mounted mud solid control system eliminates the need for complex equipment installation and commissioning at each job site, greatly reducing project preparation time and improving the flexibility and economy of equipment use.
3.Good environmental protection: in today’s increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements, trailer-mounted mud solid control system has outstanding performance in environmental protection. By effectively separating and treating the solid particles in the mud, it reduces the amount of waste mud produced and reduces the risk of mud pollution to soil, water and other environments. The purified mud can be recycled, which reduces the consumption of new mud materials and is in line with the concept of sustainable development. At the same time, the solid waste generated during the operation of the system can be centrally collected and treated, further reducing the impact on the environment. For example, in drilling operations in some ecologically fragile areas, the application of the trailer mud solid control system can effectively protect the local ecological environment and avoid ecological damage caused by improper mud discharge.
4.Wide adaptability:the trailer-mounted mud solid control system can adapt to different types of drilling operations and mud properties. Whether it is drilling operations in oil and gas drilling, geological exploration drilling, or piling works, horizontal directional traversing, etc., the system can be reasonably configured and adjusted according to specific working conditions and mud characteristics. For muds with different densities, viscosities and solid-phase contents, good treatment results can be achieved by selecting suitable solid-control equipment and adjusting equipment parameters. For example, when dealing with high-viscosity mud, the effective separation of mud can be ensured by increasing the power of the mixer and adjusting the rotational speed of the centrifuge; when dealing with mud containing a large number of sand particles, a larger specification desander can be selected and its working pressure can be increased appropriately to improve the efficiency of desanding.
5.High cost-effectiveness:although the initial investment of the trailer-type mud solid control system is relatively high, it has significant cost-effectiveness in the long run. By increasing the recycling rate of mud, the procurement cost of new mud materials is reduced; the efficient processing capacity shortens the drilling operation time and reduces the labour cost and equipment rental cost; at the same time, by reducing the risk of pollution to the environment, it avoids high fines and treatment costs that may be incurred as a result of environmental pollution. In addition, the high degree of automation of the system reduces the amount of manual operations, lowers equipment failures and maintenance costs caused by human factors, and improves the service life and operational stability of the equipment, further enhancing the overall cost-effectiveness.
With the continuous development of drilling technology and the increasing complexity of the operating environment, the cementing system is also facing many challenges. In special environments, the performance and reliability of the cementing system are more demanding; when facing different types of drilling fluids and formation conditions, the cementing system needs to be more adaptable and targeted.
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