Vibrating motor, as a kind of equipment that converts electric energy into mechanical vibration, is widely used in many industries such as mining, metallurgy, chemical industry, food and so on. It can provide power for vibrating screen, vibrating feeder, vibrating conveyor and other equipment to ensure that the screening of materials, conveying and other operations are carried out smoothly. However, a long time running or improper use, vibration motor may appear a variety of faults, affecting the normal operation of equipment, and even cause production stagnation. Therefore, do a good job of vibration motor maintenance, timely treatment of faults, to protect the stable operation of equipment, improve production efficiency, prolong the service life of the equipment is critical.
一.The working principle of the vibration motor
Vibration motor mainly uses the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the eccentric block to achieve vibration. When the motor is energised, the motor shaft drives the eccentric block to rotate at high speed, and the size and direction of the centrifugal force generated by the eccentric block changes periodically with time, which in turn causes the motor to vibrate and transmit the vibration to the equipment connected with it.
二.Maintenance of vibration motor
1.Routine Maintenance
Running status check
In daily work, the operator needs to pay close attention to the running status of the vibration motor, including the vibration of the motor, sound, temperature, etc.. By observing the vibration amplitude and frequency of the vibration motor, determine whether there is abnormal vibration. If the vibration motor appears to vibrate violently or vibration instability, it may be caused by eccentric block loosening, bearing damage, etc., and need to stop the machine in time to check. At the same time, the normal operation of the vibration motor sound smooth, if there is abnormal noise, such as ear-piercing screams, dull impact sound, etc., should be immediately shut down for investigation. In addition, the use of infrared thermometer to regularly measure the shell temperature of the vibration motor, to prevent the motor due to overload, poor heat dissipation and other reasons leading to high temperature.
Surface cleaning
Regularly clean the surface of the vibration motor of dust, oil and other debris to keep the motor surface clean. Vibration motor in the process of operation, will produce vibration, dust and oil easily attached to the motor surface, affecting the motor’s heat dissipation effect. At the same time, dust and oil into the motor interior, but also may lead to motor short circuit, insulation degradation and other problems. A clean rag or compressed air can be used to clean the surface of the motor, but care should be taken to avoid damaging the motor shell and parts in the cleaning process.
2.Regular Maintenance
Lubrication management
The bearings of the vibration motor need good lubrication during high-speed rotation to reduce friction and wear and prolong the service life of the bearings. Make a reasonable lubrication plan based on the vibration motor’s operating environment, running time and other factors. In general, every 1000 – 1500 hours of operation, the bearings need to be lubricated once. Select the appropriate lubricant, such as lithium grease, and fill in accordance with the prescribed filling amount. When filling the grease, the old grease should be cleaned up to avoid mixing the old and new grease, which will affect the lubrication effect.
Fastening Inspection
Regularly check the fastening of the ground bolts, eccentric block bolts and other connecting parts of the vibration motor. Vibration motor in the operation process, will produce strong vibration, easy to lead to loose connection bolts. Loose bolts not only affect the normal operation of the vibration motor, but also may cause safety accidents. Use a spanner to tighten the connection bolts one by one to ensure a firm connection. At the same time, when tightening the bolts, the operation should be carried out in accordance with the specified torque, so as to avoid damage or loosening of the bolts due to too much or too little torque.
Insulation Inspection
Regularly test the insulation resistance of the vibration motor to determine whether the insulation performance of the motor is good. Use a megohmmeter to measure the insulation resistance of the motor windings to ground and between phases. Generally, the insulation resistance of the motor should be not less than 0.5 MΩ. If the insulation resistance is lower than the specified value, it may be caused by moisture in the motor, or damage to the insulation of the windings. For the motor with moisture, it can be treated by drying; for the motor with damaged winding insulation, it is necessary to replace the winding or repair it in time.
三.Vibration motor common faults and treatment methods
1.Motor can not start
Power failure
Check whether the power supply is normal, including whether the power cord is loose or short-circuited, whether the fuse is blown, etc. If the power cord is loose or short-circuited, reconnect or replace the power cord. If the power cord is loose or short-circuited, reconnect or replace the power cord; if the fuse is blown, find out why it is blown and replace it with a suitable fuse.
Motor winding fault
Use a multimeter to measure the resistance of the motor winding to determine whether there is a broken winding, short circuit and other faults. If there is a broken winding fault, you need to find the broken point and repair; if there is a short-circuit winding fault, you need to replace the winding.
Mechanical faults
Check whether the bearing of the motor is stuck, whether the eccentric block is stuck, etc.. If the bearing is stuck, replace the bearing; if the eccentric block is stuck, clean up the stuck debris and adjust the position of the eccentric block.
2.Abnormal motor vibration
Eccentric block failure
Check whether the eccentric block is loose, worn or improperly installed. If the eccentric block is loose, it needs to be re-tightened; if the eccentric block is worn, it needs to be replaced; if the eccentric block is improperly installed, it needs to be adjusted in accordance with the specified installation method.
Bearing failure
Check whether the bearing is damaged, lack of oil or excessive clearance. If the bearings are damaged, replace the bearings; if the bearings are out of oil, add grease in time; if the clearance of the bearings is too large, adjust the bearing clearance or replace the bearings.
Problems of foundation installation
Check whether the foundation of the vibration motor is firm and whether the ground bolt is loose. If the foundation is not firm, the foundation needs to be reinforced; if the foot bolts are loose, the foot bolts need to be re-tightened.
3.Motor temperature is too high
Overload operation
Check whether the vibration motor is overloaded, such as material blockage, equipment resistance is too large. If the motor overload operation, need to reduce the load, clean up the material blockage, adjust the equipment operating parameters.
Poor heat dissipation
Check whether the motor cooling fan is damaged, whether the vent is blocked. If the cooling fan is damaged, replace the cooling fan; if the vent is blocked, clean up the debris in the vent to ensure smooth ventilation.
Motor Failure
Check whether the motor winding is short-circuited, grounded and other faults. If the motor winding is faulty, repair or replace the winding in time.
四.What safety norms should be followed in the maintenance of vibration motors?
1.Strictly implement the power-off operation
Before starting any maintenance work, the first task is to cut off the power supply to the vibration motor. Be sure to disconnect the power from the main power switch to ensure that the motor completely stops running, to avoid electric shock accidents caused by residual current. In addition, after completing the power-off operation, you can use an electric pen and other tools to test the power lines to confirm that there is no electricity before proceeding with subsequent work, to further ensure operational safety.
2.Correct use of protective equipment
Maintenance personnel need to correctly wear personal protective equipment, such as insulated gloves, safety helmets and protective shoes. Insulated gloves can effectively prevent electric shock, safety helmets can protect the head from falling parts, and protective shoes can avoid foot injuries. Protective masks should also be worn to safeguard respiratory health when carrying out maintenance work involving dust or harmful gases.
3.Carry out maintenance work with care
When disassembling and installing vibration motor parts and components, careful handling is required to prevent parts from falling and injuring people. For heavy parts, should use appropriate lifting equipment, and ensure that the equipment performance is good, standardised operation. In addition, when cleaning and inspecting the inside of the vibration motor, do not touch the motor windings and other electrically charged parts directly with your hands to avoid electric shock.
Maintenance of vibration motors, strictly follow the above safety norms, can effectively prevent safety accidents, to protect the safety of personnel and the normal operation of equipment. In addition, regular safety training for maintenance personnel to enhance their safety awareness and operating skills will also help reduce accidents.
Vibration motor maintenance and troubleshooting is a systematic and comprehensive work, by doing a good job of vibration motor routine maintenance and regular maintenance, timely detection and treatment of potential problems, can effectively reduce the failure rate of vibration motors, prolong the service life of the motor, to ensure the stable operation of the equipment for the production and management of enterprises to provide strong support.
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